The History of Business Loans

The first business loans possibly date back to ancientwere given the opportunity to finally borrow money.
Greece. One of the most important services offeredAfter the earthquake that destroyed much of the city
by Greek bankers was the lending of money toin 1906, Giannini once again came through; giving loans
finance the carriage of freight by ships. They also lentto people to rebuild their lost businesses. By the mid
money for mining, and construction of public buildings.1920's, he owned the third largest bank in the nation. In
Later, during the middle ages, the Jews fled for their1930, he formed the Bank of America, which withstood
lives to Italy, where they encountered grain farmersthe Great Depression, funding large industrial and
looking for money to help support their businesses. Theagricultural interests, as well as building California's
Christians, who were the current settlers of Italy, weremovie industry and even loaning the money to the city
forbidden the sin of usury, or charging a fee for thefor the building of the Golden Gate Bridge.
use of money. Today, the word usury is used toOne of the most important types of business loans
describe placing unreasonable interest rates onavailable to Americans are backed or guaranteed by
borrowed money. Therefore, this opened the door forthe American government. These loans are available
the newcomers, the Jews (who were merchants), toto small businesses and ordinary people that may not
lend money to farmers. The term "merchant bank"qualify for other business loans. The Investment
derives from this origin and was one of the first banksCompany Act of 1958 established the Small Business
that offered "business" loans to the grain farmer.Investment Company Program. This program enables
Merchants remained the main source of funding forthe government to regulate and provide funds for
trade and business loans well into the 1700's.privately owned and operated venture capital
In 1781, the first commercial bank received a charter ofinvestment firms. These firms then in turn provide loans
incorporation in North America. They gave short-termto high-risk small businesses. Since 1958, the
credits to American merchants, who then extendedgovernment by means of the Small Business
them to wholesalers of their imports, and theAdministration has put nearly $30 billion dollars into the
wholesalers passed them on to urban retailers, countryhands of business owners to finance their growth.
stores, and peddlers. By 1789, the nation boasted threeCurrently, the SBA is working with minorities and
commercial banks.women regarding their business ventures (
One of the most famous men noted for loaning theThroughout history, merchants, bankers and
"little man" money for business is A.P. Giannini.government agencies have been keeping the
Historians have referred to him as "America's banker".entrepreneur's dreams alive by allowing them to
Up until this time, most banks would only loan money toborrow capital based upon an idea, service, or product.
those that were wealthy. In 1904, Giannini opened upThese dreams are still alive and well today, and are
the Bank of Italy in San Francisco. Hard workingbeing realized every day thanks to governments and
immigrants looking to open businesses and buy homesbankers alike.